Activity was characterized by an increase in the frequency and magnitude of gas emissions, rumbling in the crater, and small explosions followed by juvenile ashfall. Webcam images on 30 May showed a small gray gas emission.
In April 2006, an increase in fumarole degassing within the crater and small landslides contributed to the instability of the deposits on the NW flanks of the volcano. On the outer portions of the cone the terrain is steeply sloping and contains prominent gullies (figure 3). On 20-26 August SNET reported low seismic activity at San Miguel. Izalco erupted almost continuously from 1770 (when it formed) to 1958 earning it the nickname of "Lighthouse of the Pacific", and experienced a flank eruption in 1966. Activity during August 2007-November 2008. The public was warned to stay 2 km away from the volcano, and for those living within a 2-5 km radius to identify evacuation routes and to take preparation measures as guided by the Sistema Nacional de Proteccin Civil. New fumaroles were found near the central vent in early January, followed by an increase in seismic activity from an average of 20-30 events/day. Energetic explosions were reported at 1302 and 1642 on 26 November and at 0718 and 0802 on 27 November that ejected hot rocks onto the flanks and generated eruption plumes that rose as high as 1.1 km above the crater rim. A land-based infrared radiation thermometry survey on 4 April detected no anomalous heat patterns on the NW side of the cone.". SNET reported a significant increase in the number of low- and high-frequency earthquakes beneath the crater beginning on 22 May. On 8 February there were 52 recorded earthquakes. Univ Calif Pub Geol Sci, 32: 1-64. COSPEC measurements of 100 metric tons/day were recorded at a time that the plume from San Miguel rose about 100 m above the crater rim. Various indicator values at the volcano all remained at or near background values through the middle of December 2013. Access to areas within a 2-km-radius remained restricted.
Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report Servicio Nacional de Estudios Territoriales (SNET), Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC), Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report, Eruptions, Earthquakes & Emissions Application, Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (MARN), https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(84)90041-6, Department of Mineral Sciences Rock and Ore collection, World Organization of Volcano Observatories (WOVO), GVMID Data on Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure, Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS), Large Magnitude Explosive Volcanic Eruptions (LaMEVE), Volcano Global Risk Identification and Analysis Project (VOGRIPA), Integrated Earth Data Applications (IEDA), Chaparrastique | Perolitos, Los | Bosotln.
This Week in Volcano News; Taal Might Erupt, San Miguel Erupts RSAM values were between 45 and 75 units, lower than the normal values of 150. SNET reported a significant increase in the number of low- and high-frequency earthquakes beneath San Miguels crater beginning on 22 May. The notice recommended that those living within a 3-6 km radius should identify evacuation routes and to take preparation measures as guided by the Sistema Nacional de Proteccin Civil. Eruption of 29 December 2013. Information Contacts: Ministero de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (MARN), Km. Though weather clouds partially covered the volcano, the webcam recorded some pulses of gas emissions. The eruption was characterized by lava fountains. On 27 August -2 September SNET reported that seismic activity at San Miguel had decreased significantly from the previous month. Increased seismicity and minor ashfall near the crater. RSAM had increased significantly. From August 2007 through November 2008, Real-time Seismic Amplitude Measurements (RSAM) values (typically between 12 and 50 units) and other measurements rarely exceeded baseline levels. The report noted an increase in amplitude of microearthquakes and minor gas emissions form the main crater. At 0410 on 18 June a small explosion occurred in the central crater, ejecting tephra onto the flanks near the crater, and causing ashfall in areas to the NW. Between 2002 and July 2007 there were no eruptions, and seismicity remained within background levels, except for a single episode during 9-15 October 2006 (BGVN 32:09). In the last 48 hours, the Taal volcano produced a continuous volcanic tremor from a fissure just north of its central crater. 2018: January
Concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2) values measured over the past 24 hours have fluctuated between good and unhealthy. The biggest plume occurred at 1607 and rose 400 m. Images recorded by a webcam showed that the plumes had dark tones, suggesting small amounts of ash. On the ascent route during January, the team saw a small recent "fall of material" reaching 40 cm thick. The maps database originated over 30 years ago, but was only recently updated and connected to our main database. The same report also mentioned that moderate degassing was seen in the crater leaving areas of abundant sulfur, which appeared as yellow zones in one or more fumarolic areas. Minor gas-and-ash emission in January 2002; summary of earlier activity. One mm of ashfall was reported on the N flank. Max VEI: 2, 1954 Oct 21 - 1954 Oct 21
Using infrared satellite Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, scientists at the Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i, developed an automated system called MODVOLC to map thermal hot-spots in near real time. The SE-flank flows are the largest and form broad, sparsely vegetated lava . Seismicity and gas output both remained high during this time, with gas plumes rising 300 m and drifting W. Locals observed gas plumes with occasional minor amounts of ash rising from the crater, especially after rainfall. Eruption Update Get current updates on the new eruption on Iceland's Reykjanes Peninsula that started on August 3rd 2022! Flank vent locations have migrated higher on the edifice during historical time, and the most recent activity has consisted of minor ash eruptions from the summit crater. However, the seismicity increased by ~ 70%. Sulfur dioxide measurements that were taken during explosive events showed higher levels of sulfur dioxide emissions. The N flank contains abundant fine-grained volcanic deposits of the sort easily swept away during times of heavy rain. | July
This report covers activity from January 2015 through June 2017, and describes six small ash emission events during this time. Max VEI: 2, 1867 Dec 14 - 1868 Feb 16 (in or after)
At the time of a 23-24 April 1995 visit, residents reported they had not felt any seismic events, but that ashfall had occurred on 19 April following a rainstorm. Max VEI: 2, List of 6 Events for Episode 1 at SE flank (400 m). Contact was made with other observatories and it was determined there were no landslides or rock falls associated with the event. The eruption deposited a thin layer of ash near the summit. In 2018, an eruption sent rivers of lava pouring down its sides, devastating the village of San Miguel Los Lotes, killing 215 people and leaving a similar number missing. Otherwise, minor seismicity and pulses of gas-and-steam emissions were the primary type of activity. During August 2005 the crisis at volcan Santa Ana forestalled visits to San Miguel. Information Contacts: Card 0902 (03 April 1970) San Salvador Domestic Service, El Salvador. Volcanism was prominent beginning on 13-20 February 2020 when SO2 emissions exceeded 620 tons/day (typical low SO2 values are less than 400 tons/day). Max VEI: 2, 1939 May - 1939 Jul
Ashfall was reported from La Piedra, Moritas, La Placita, San Jorge, (all less than 10 km SW), San Rafael Oriente (10 km SW), Alegra (25 km NW) and Berlin in Usulutn (21 km SW).
Exploring a Volcanic Island in Portugal's Azores Archipelago - The New Carbon dioxide emissions had been monitored since November 2001, and their steady increase continued to . Microseismicity had increased; but it did not exceed typical base-line levels. Max VEI: 1, 1970 Mar 30 - 1970 Apr 5
Surprising, strong eruption of San Miguel volcano, El Salvador Based on satellite observations, the Washington VAAC reported that on 7 January steam plumes with minor amounts of ash rose from San Miguel to an altitude of 2.6 km (8,500 ft) a.s.l. Earlier that day during 0620-0630 RSAM values spiked to 356, an increase over normal values around 50. Surveillance cameras of San Salvador's Ministerio de Medio Ambiente observed ash eruptions from the summit crater. SNET reported that during 0800-1100 on 19 February gas-and-ash emissions from San Miguel rose 350 m above the crater rim and drifted SW. Ash fell on the upper flanks of the volcano, and a sulfur odor was reported in La Piedra farm. As a result of the deluge, fumarolic activity from the crater increased. WOVOdat is a database of volcanic unrest; instrumentally and visually recorded changes in seismicity, ground deformation, gas emission, and other parameters from their normal baselines.
The volcano remained at a low level of activity.
Estimating exposure around San Miguel Volcano, El Salvador Post-Miocene Volcanoes of the World. This thermal anomaly persisted during a majority of the year but was not visible after September 2019; faint gas-and-steam emissions could sometimes be seen rising from the summit crater. Max VEI: 1, 2018 Jan 14 - 2018 May 30
Infrequent gas-and-steam and ash emissions were observed during this reporting period of June 2018-March 2020. Seismicity gradually increased in both frequency and magnitude beginning on 16 June. A longer gas-and-ash explosion, lasting fifteen minutes occurred on 28 July at 0615. The November report commented about the quantity of debris-flow material accumulating at the base of some N-flank channels.
Activity increased briefly during 7-13 April, and MARN reported that periodic microseisms combined with changes in seismic tremor and gas pulses had increased significantly, reaching maximum values of 400 RSAM units in an average hour (figure 25). Hourly RSAM values recorded on 29 December show an increase above background levels at 0700, only three and a half hours before the eruption. During the preceding 24 hours, 55 earthquakes were registered; however, none were noticed by the local population. Small pulses of gas near the crater rim were visible. The firstwas observed in areas between the Parque de las Placitas and Placitas on 10 May with deposits less than 1 mm thick. Sulfur dioxide emissions were below the baseline of 300 tons per day and no deformation was detected. According to a news article, a tectonic earthquake near San Miguel on the evening of 8 February caused landslides within the crater and on the volcano's flanks. A 20-minute-long seismic signal on 5 September indicated another lahar passing near seismic station VSM, but no damage was reported. Max VEI: 2, 1966 Jul 16 15 days
On 12 March the number and amplitude of earthquakes increased. This report carries on from 9 October 2006. By 1100 on 20 November a total of 62 phreatic explosions had been recorded, averaging 10 explosions per day. Chesner, C. A., Pullinger, C., Escobar, C. D., 2003, Physical and chemical evolution of San Miguel Volcano, El Salvador. The analysis of the seismicity indicates that the volcano is slightly above its base line of normal behavior. Seismicity remained elevated above background levels on 7 July. Deformation data showed no significant changes. Sulfur dioxide emissions generally averaged 100-170 tons per day, below the baseline of 300 tons per day. Sources: Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (MARN); Proteccin Civil de El Salvador. A 20-minute-long seismic signal indicated a lahar passing near seismic station VSM, but no damage was reported. No explosions were reported during October-December 2016, only small plumes of steam and gas were observed (figure 24). GSA Special Paper 375. On 14 January MARN reported that a gradual decrease in activity to low levels had been recorded at San Miguel since 1 December 2022. The beginning of the most recent eruption on 29 December 2013 resulted in a large ash plume that rose to 9.7 km altitude, and dispersed ash to many communities within 30 km of the volcano (BGVN 40:08). In: Rose W I, Bommer J J, Lopez D L, Carr M J, Major J J (eds), Natural Hazards in El Salvador, Geol Soc Amer Spec Pap, 375: 213-226. 2009: July
It consisted of small ash emissions, sometimes accompanied by loud explosions.
Eruption of San Miguel, El Salvador - NASA Earth Observatory A cow was killed by hot ballistics during the morning of 27 November, according to a news article. A few pulses of gas were observed from the webcam other times during May. and drifted 130 km SW. Only steam-and-gas plumes were detected later that day. Three events were felt by residents living near the volcano. On 7 December MARN reported that activity at San Miguel had decreased. The lahars were also described as small debris flows; they descended from the high-elevation headwater areas, which are steep sided and narrow. SNET reported that activity had not changed at San Miguel after small clusters of earthquakes occurred at the volcano during 27 September to about 14 October. Confirmed Eruption
Seismicity was low during 28 April-4 May, with RSAM between 39 and 61 units per hour. RSAM values quickly dropped back to normal levels within hours after the 29 December eruption. Local residents reported hearing rumbling and feeling tremor during the explosion. An earlier natural-color image, collected by Landsat 8, shows the volcano and its immediate surroundings on July 31, 2013. Confirmed Eruption
Minor seismic swarms and steam-and-gas plumes were reported during February-June 2017. A webcam recorded minor gas emission during 5-6 March. MARN warned the public to stay 2 km away from the volcano, and for those living within a 2-5 km radius to identify evacuation routes and to take preparation measures as guided by the Sistema Nacional de Proteccin Civil. Low-level activity continued from the summit crater during August. 2010: August
Normal SO2 values for San Miguel range between 100 and 437 tons/day, and the recorded values only exceeded this range consistently in May, July, and August 2013 (with values up to 900 t/d). 2006: October
After very little activity other than slightly elevated RSAM values since July 2014, a small ash-bearing explosion occurred on 26 January 2015 (figure 18). A news report stating that a rockslide released dangerous fumes at San Miguel on 17 October was found to be false. As of 15 October 2006, the level of activity at San Miguel was considered to be moderate, implying the possibility of an eruption sometime in the next several months. During the course of September the seismic system recorded several minutes of tremor. Photo by NASA/Jeff Schmaltz (LANCE/EOSDIS MODIS Rapid Response Team, GSFC) The west.
2002: October. Max VEI: 3, List of 35 Events for Episode 1 at Summit Crater, 2002 Jan 16 - 2002 Jan 16
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