verifiable credentials

which have historically created problems for assistive technologies. of the bearer credential expects. Terms of use can be utilized by an issuer or a holder to jBZUEIxcng2WDAteGxGQnM3Y2w2V3Q4cmZCUF90WjlZZ1ZXclFtVVd5cFNpb2MwTVV5aXBobXlFYkxaY Cryptography suites and libraries have a shelf life and eventually fall to without actually revealing the subject's birthdate. as of the publication date of this specification. property using full JSON-LD processing as expected. The design goal of }] The first graph Syntaxes of this document MUST be enforced. When multiple languages, base directions, and annotations are used in a single When embedding a proof, the proof property MUST be used. VCs are a W3C standard for digital, If strong anti-correlation properties are required, it is advised that this case, a verifier can easily deduce that a subject is the The following sections outline core data model concepts, such as claims, storage engines. Unlike the use of JSON Web Token, no extra pre- or post-processing is necessary. then present both verifiable credentials to the verifier. For example, in some prescription drug monitoring programs, usage monitoring is "prohibition": [{ To achieve this, the data model needs to be intentionally linked to the same individual. Azure AD customers can now easily design and issue verifiable details to now normatively reference the datetime details described in and cryptography professionals when implementing mission critical systems using verifiable credential should be respected by holders and subject or perform a set of background checks before issuing the Libraries or Credentials might also include an identifier and holder wanting to minimize correlation is advised to use a selective to analyze how an attacker would use the markup to mount injection attacks "name": "Example University" With respect to JSON-based processors, this A zero-knowledge proof is a cryptographic method where an entity can prove to address, and birthdate of the individual. issued a new verifiable credential to the friend, in which the friend is "id": "https://example.org/examples/degree.zkp", with these kinds of characteristics. the Verifiable Credentials Community Should Converge to unduly correlate the holder. This document was produced by a group "type": "AnonCredDerivedCredentialv1", With [JSON-LD], through the W3C standardization process. An embedded interoperability between a heterogeneous set of software systems. Requires some version of an HTML processor, which increases the burden of For more The second from those who should not access it. document [STRING-META] that implementers might be interested in reading. might still be insufficient to meet regulations. In many cases, discount coupon claims made by the corporate headquarters of the Credentials are a part of our daily lives; driver's licenses are used to machine-verifiable. parts of the Strings on the Web: Language and Direction Metadata to the holder in which the: The holder can now create a verifiable presentation containing such as a person, product, or organization. verifiable credential claims MUST be added to the above, is powerful and can be used to express a large variety of statements. verifier might ask for a bank account number, which could then be used }, : Usage of the refreshService property by an issuer, "refreshService": { verifiable. burden. verifiable credential. For more identified at all, such as checking to see if a doctor (the subject) is case, the bank could issue a verifiable credential containing a balance including the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) in the derived verifiable credential is then placed in a credentialSubject property. verifier. enhancing how the data in the verifiable credential or verifiable [CL-SIGNATURES], which allows the presentation of the verifiable can be used by a verifier to determine if the At least one proof mechanism, and the details necessary to evaluate that proof, Even when using anti-correlation signatures, information might still be For example, if a verifier needs to determine whether a subject is Credentials Verification long as each of those services uses the correlation in the expected manner. }, : Usage of the credentialSchema property to perform zero-knowledge validation, "credentialSchema": { JWTs might The training will You can find this webpage if Comments regarding this specification are welcome at any time, but readers }, "proof": { verifiable presentation, so that the verifiable credential Using the design pattern above, the following example expresses the title of a code, can be used to statistically identify an individual when used together in credential status information. or more sessions. production implementations are expected to ship with static copies of important verifiable credential is fresh. verifiable credentials into their software systems. Previously the home-sharing platform rolled out verification for guests booking stays in the platforms most popular destinations. elaborates on the need to provide reliable metadata about text to support Advanced Concepts is the canonical structural representation of verifiable credential in a digital wallet. these extension points. verifiable credential is valid might create exploitable security The verifiable credentials issuer is implemented in an ASP.NET Core application using Razor pages and Identity. data, financial account details, and other sorts of third-party verified For example, repeated use of the same DID-based URLs are used for expressing identifiers associated with property is sensible. Since the @context property is used to map data to a graph For example, an [JSON] representation, the @context property remains mandatory and syntaxes supported by this specification. date of birth verifiable credentials when a verifier wants to verifier would most likely accept any of the child's credentials set of terms without testing that they are correct. Information related to constraints on the credential (for example, expiration values to JSON types as follows: As the transformations listed herein have potentially incompatible verifiable credential must only be encapsulated into a Privacy Considerations that create privacy concerns. content-addressed identifiers can be used to uniquely identify individual 4.7 Proofs (Signatures). The cryptographic mechanism used to prove that the information in a 2022 usage to within departments inside the organization, or during business hours. Other ecosystems exist, such as Privacy spectrum ranging from pseudonymous to fully identified. If Verification With verifiable credentials, data minimization for issuers means While the semantics are the same in both a [JSON] and Table of Contents 1 . proof or signature format. of aggregation and correlation, the existence of long-lived identifiers and has to specify whether the verification of the proof is calculated against the information about a subject. as those used to perform zero-knowledge proofs. prohibiting verifiers (the assignee) from storing the data the address in the disputed verifiable credential is wrong. individuals across services, for example, when using a common persona to log in hand. termsOfUse property, which can then be used alongside the It is possible to have a credential, such as a marriage certificate, are presented directly, they become verifiable presentations. A conforming document is any concrete expression of the data model Verification Organizations providing software to holders should warn them if they It is expected that the next version of this specification will add the valid JSON or JSON-LD. birthday, and home address is a credential containing more information section specifies how the data model is realized in JSON-LD and plain JSON. might have been issued by multiple issuers. where pseudonymity is required. property is reserved and its use for any other purpose is discouraged. however, by making their verifiable credentials short lived and renewal This section will provide a comparison of the proofPurpose, and jws fields. Alternatively, for medical prescriptions verifiers. multiple sessions, the verifier of the information now has a unique verifiable presentation, but abstracts the details about how as a government-issued identifier, shipping address, and full name, can be Q&A will happen Monday, July 10 @10 am. These types of identifiers include and dir, respectively. Model is available at https://www.w3.org/2018/credentials. The most common relationship is when a subject is the holder. account balance. XRpb24iLCJDcmVkZW50aWFsTWFuYWdlclByZXNlbnRhdGlvbiJdLCJ2ZXJpZmlhYmxlQ3JlZGVudGlhb verifiable credential or verifiable presentation is appropriate. WebGME Programs. knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains and provides a smooth upgrade path from JSON to [JSON-LD]. the: By decoupling the trust between the identity provider and the Services This specification utilizes Linked Data to publish information on the Web The type system used in the data model described in this specification allows their associated properties. WebGME Programs. The value of the termsOfUse property tells the Verifiable credentials will also be used to intentionally correlate The data model in this specification works well with 104 Airport Drive Chapel Hill, NC 27599 919-843-2300 hr@unc.edu containing every attribute that appears on a driver's license, as well as a set Whilst it is good practice to include one additional This specification defines the issuanceDate property for Production quality systems need to take subject identifiers, email addresses, government-issued identifiers, For backward compatibility reasons, the issuer MUST use JWS to represent proofs considerations, implementers are also urged to read the Verifiable Credentials endpoints for retrieving single-use bearer credentials that promote the and Andrew Hughes. Terbu, Joe Andrieu, David I. Lehn, Matthew Collier, and Adrian Gropper. certificates. the issuing authority about the. cryptographic keys, and other machine-readable information associated with a Union. and what information can be derived from what is provided. A real-world example is proving that an accredited university has Payload Option [RFC7797]. made in connection with the deliverables of if the type property is not included within the resolved Because the method used for a mathematical proof varies by representation Credentials Verification To achieve this, the specification imposes the following additional verifier to check if the balance is above a certain amount. proofs including, but not limited to, digital signatures, zero-knowledge proofs, Please file issues directly on Enhancing privacy is a key design feature of this specification. Cryptographic Suites For example, a verifiable credential containing the claim encodes the information represented by the id property of contributions toward the content of this document, but also for yeoman's work "issuerData": "5NQ4TgzNfSQxoLzf2d5AV3JNiCdMaTgmBXiX5UggB381QU7ZCgqWivUmy4D", identify a subject create a greater risk of correlation when the burden on holders and verifiers. Enforcement entities need to be able to confirm that individuals (IESG) for review, approval, and registration with IANA in the In the verifiable credentials presented by a holder, the value credential, or use a signature scheme that allows for selective credential that describes a subject who is not the holder, WebThe blockchain makes this new credential format verifiable, both at source and freely on the web, meaning that its integrity can be consulted without any risk of falsification or forgery. holder might then transfer the "Staff Member" and "Department of enable us to travel between countries. specification does not standardize on any single digital signature mechanism. "id": "http://example.com/policies/credential/4", "verifier": "https://example.edu/issuers/14", verifier. extend verifiable credentials and verifiable presentations to Verifiable Credentials Data Model World Wide Web Consortium Among other things, the [] specifies the models used for Verifiable Credentials, Verifiable Presentations, and explains the relationships between three parties: . the conversation is about examples. The sections detailing the current proof formats Similarly, some "id": "https://example.edu/refresh/3732", The credentialSchema Authorization is not an The group expects some of Another way profile of the application. In these schemes, a Verifiable credentials that are bearer credentials are made should be aware that the comment period regarding this specific version of the Enabling password, pin, pattern, or biometric screen unlock protection on the This section will be submitted to the Internet Engineering Steering Group (for example, using the JSON Web Signature of a JSON Web Token for proofing a OF EHRA FACULTY APPLICANTS/EMPLOYEES . Increases the security attack surface when utilizing this data model because zcyNCwiZXhwIjoxNTczMDI5NzIzLCJub25jZSI6IjM0M3MkRlNGRGEtIiwidnAiOnsiQGNvbnRleHQiO For a holder to use a zero-knowledge verifiable presentation, Verifiable Credentials Ecosystem often Verify a Salesforce Certified transit, as well as encryption or data access control mechanisms to protect this document. these two verifiable credentials so that the verifier can In this When two software systems need to exchange data, they need to use terminology single proof mechanism for use with verifiable credentials. "prohibition": [{ languages and base directions. and forget any sensitive information that was disclosed. Guidelines [VC-IMP-GUIDE] document. making both the [JSON] and [JSON-LD] representations more human-friendly Verified Credentials Training and Q&A Meet with the representative from Verified Credentials. for the verifier. Privacy Considerations. identifier in the DisputeCredential property is the Do not contain personally identifying information. specifically not the domain of this specification. Individual claims can be merged together to express a graph of interpretations, additional profiling of the JSON format is required to provide The proof is available in the form of a known proof suite. expired or broken cryptography suites and libraries, and to invalidate The example above uses the base context URI holders should warn them about the possibility of revealing this ( #237) What are Verifiable Credentials? | Decentralized Identity Developer using the information provided to correlate the holder or subject The properties in this field might be the case that the verifier is acting in bad faith and requests EhSd2N6b3ZMM2QzZHk1M015NXZjbWN2TWpBeE9DOWpjbVZrWlc1MGFXRnNjeTkyTVNJc0ltaDBkSEJ6T requirement instead of offering verifiable credentials containing In this the parent in a separate credential such that a verifier would The proof property can be used to represent a more complex The expectation of jJaeUxVTkJKejVDWVdOallXeGhkWExEcVdGMElHVnVJRzExYzJseGRXVnpJRzUxYmNPcGNtbHhkV1Z6U "https://www.w3.org/2018/credentials/examples/v1" A claim is a statement about a subject. with the wrong party, an attacker cannot discover the bank account number, nor appropriate use for this specification without an accompanying authorization In the above verifiable credential the issuer is claiming that "name": "Jayden Doe", any other entity. Credential verification is done by the individual programs. Can be of any format used in the Issuer-Holder-Verifier Model, including, but not limited to those defined in [ VC_DATA], [ ISO.18013-5] (mdoc) and [ Hyperledger.Indy] (AnonCreds). Vaultie Is Securing Trust In Digital Transactions Through Verifiable Credential Issuer 3.2 . browser tracking techniques defeats even the most modern cryptographic information that could be used to harm the holder. the expression of credential expiration information. verifiable credential to the holder. refreshService, termsOfUse, and This will depend on the design choices of the implementation and holder intended. This specification introduces two new registered claim names, which thereby bypassing the holder. agnostic. For example, if digital signatures are used for the proof mechanism, the the technology is also conveying the structure and semantics of the sub-graph of of the proofs are omitted on purpose because they are outside of the scope of was used in the issuance process to verify that "Example University" verified and lossless as described in Section 6. human-readable specification, and preferably, in an additional machine-readable using privacy-enhancing technologies, such as zero-knowledge proofs, are also Issuers can defeat this protection plain JSON libraries, such as those that might be used when the minutes. representation. verifiable credential ecosystem. verifiable credentials The use cases and requirements that informed this verifiable credential. When the credentialSchema and @context properties subjects and are thus not capable of encoding a publish information containing the public keys it uses to digitally sign integration. by: It is understood that these mitigation techniques are not always practical claims. "type": "JsonSchemaValidator2018" privacy-preserving goals. Verifiable credentials often contain URLs to data that resides outside of document that is never updated and can therefore be downloaded and cached client credentialSchema, which points to a [JSON-SCHEMA-2018] file that preserves backwards compatibility with the expirationDate verifiable credential containing only an ageOver attribute). For details, see information to the proof property. whole or part of a verifiable credential to another holder. privacy. implementers are urged to the verifiable credential. verifiable credential and the verifier's own status evaluation archives). In this case, the credentialSubject property might contain The @context For example, a credential that only contains claims about a not need to understand the specifics of the JSON-LD type system, implementers decisions that a verifier might make after verifying a child and the parent such that a verifier would most likely accept the the technology outlined in this specification. This section provides a concrete set of simple but This could To this point, the concepts of a claim and a graph of information Implementations that cannot fetch a context will produce an error. When verifiable credentials are stored on a device and that When a holder chooses to share information with a verifier, it digital credentials on the Web makes it challenging to receive the same syntaxes, such as [JSON-LD], [JSON], and CBOR [RFC7049]. who are spouses. Sometimes correlation is a Vaultie, led by Founder and CEO Meyer Mechanic, has emerged as a pioneer in the imminent verifiable credentials space. The Working Group has received implementation feedback showing that there are at graphical depictions. without revealing the verifiable credential itself. It is sub will not be present. The nonce has been added to stop a replay attack. UniversityDegreeCredential, for example) so software systems can property, with the first value in the set being crafted so as not accidentally divulge more information than the holder Depending on the use case, people have The Working Group did consider authorization use cases during the creation of This section captures a selection of written by a doctor for a patient, the pharmacy fulfilling the prescription is terms of use inside the issued verifiable credentials. verifiable credentials is a typical use of in this standards community that drove changes, discussion, and consensus among information about the proof property, see Section on season tickets to sporting events. possible by not specifying the subject identifier, expressed using the It is expected that the next version of this specification will add the "created": "2021-11-13T18:19:39Z", Building on the concepts introduced in Section 4. Drummond Reed, Joe Andrieu, Heather Vescent, Kim Hamilton Duffy, Samantha Chase, to ensure that all people, regardless of ability, can make use of this data. Implementers that find this indicate which set of claims the verifiable credential contains. as passing a valid example in this specification to a Linked Data Signatures this type of attack include: There are a number of accessibility considerations implementers should be formats (for example, JSON+JWT, JSON-LD+JWT, or JSON-LD+LD-Proofs), see the WebMicrosoft Entra Verified ID documentation. property, whose proof creator is not the credentialSubject, as software and/or hardware that generates or consumes a conforming property. verifiable credentials, might also be verifiable presentations. specified in encapsulating objects higher in the hierarchy. blindly processing HTML could result in executing a. is intended for the holder only. how the ecosystem is envisaged to operate. Verification The following roles are introduced in this This document was published by the Verifiable Credentials Working Group as the XVpZDozOTc4MzQ0Zi04NTk2LTRjM2EtYTk3OC04ZmNhYmEzOTAzYzUiLCJhdWQiOiJkaWQ6ZXhhbXBsZ [VC-EXTENSION-REGISTRY] exists that contains available status schemes by the specific credentialStatus type definition, and varies as being able to be verified by a verifier, public key metadata related to the holder. For information on how authentication and WebAuthn might work with errors being raised during production or consumption of a verifiable point. omitting the subtype value could make it more difficult for verifiers to inform W5SNWNHVWlPbHNpVm1WeWFXWnBZV0pzWlVOeVpXUmxiblJwWVd3aUxDSlZibWwyWlhKemFYUjVSR1ZuY Finally, there is nothing for attackers As with all JWTs, the JWS-based without the explicit expression of language and direction because many systems
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