what about kevlar makes it so strong brainly

of a proposed, inflatable "space tent" for use on the Moon or Mars. Which organisms are the pelagic organisms? [citation needed], Kevlar is a well-known component of personal armor such as combat helmets, ballistic face masks, and ballistic vests. Created by Stephanie Kwolek, DuPont Kevlar is a heat-resistant para-aramid synthetic fiber with a molecular structure of many inter-chain bonds that make Kevlar incredibly strong. Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Preferred names of constitutional units for use in structure-based names of polymers (IUPAC Recommendations 2016)", "Wholly aromatic carbocyclic polycarbonamide fiber having orientation - US 3819587 A - IP.com", "Inventing Modern America: Insight Stephanie Kwolek", "I was able to be Creative and work as hard as I wanted", "Determination of Fracture Behavior under Biaxial Loading of Kevlar 149", "Photodegradation and photostabilization of polymers, especially polystyrene: review", "Kyudo the way of the bow; The art of shooting the traditional Japanese bow according to the Heki Insai Ha School", "Nike Basketball's ELITE Series 2.0 Rises Above the Rest", Carbon fiber bows for violin, viola, cello and bass, "The story of the Ferrari F40 by its creators", "Superstar Kevlar compound disc brake pads review", "Fibrous dust release from asbestos substitutes in friction products", "The inhalation toxicology of p-aramid fibrils", Fabric Produces Electricity As You Wear It, "Soft Machines That are Resistant to Puncture and That Self Seal", "Unaflex adding space, capacity at S.C. plant", "Numerical investigation on composite material marine current turbine using CFD", Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kevlar&oldid=1153522841, This page was last edited on 6 May 2023, at 22:50. From the time Kwolek first stirred that solution in a test tube, it took six years to produce Kevlar commercially. strong, and stiff fibers that are wound onto drums. Why is Kevlar 5 times stronger than steel? The result has liquid-crystalline behavior, and mechanical drawing orients the polymer chains in the fiber's direction. Kevlar is five times stronger than steel on an equal weight basis and provides reliable performance and solid strength. Also, the aromatic components of Kevlar have a radial orientation, which provides an even higher degree of symmetry and strength to the internal structure of the fibers. [46], Aramid fibers are widely used for reinforcing composite materials, often in combination with carbon fiber and glass fiber. It is increasingly being used in the peto, the padded covering which protects the picadors' horses in the bullring. Convinced that this unusual solution could be spun into fibers, Kwolek spent several days urging her colleagues to spin it and test its physical properties. publisher = "Explain that Stuff", Last updated: May 17, 2023. The fiber is almost twice as strong as aramid fibers (Kevlar, Nomex) and about 10 times stronger than steel making it the strongest manmade organic fiber. Also, these rigid molecules will even arrange in solutions. Courtesy of DuPont. Why Kevlar ? per cubic centimeter). Compared on [10]. a box (only without the box). }, Photo: Kevlar is best known as a protective material, but it's much of the polymer from which the fibers are made and partly from the way the fibers are knitted tightly together, as shown here amounts of kinetic energy. [40][41], Kevlar can be found as a reinforcing layer in rubber bellows expansion joints and rubber hoses, for use in high temperature applications, and for its high strength. Today Kevlar is used in boat hulls, bullet-resistant vests, cut . Photo: Kevlar is best known as a protective material, but it's much Pushing the limits of protection, performance and strength. To download the Kevlar Technical Guide and learn more about Kevlar properties, please click here. One day in 1965, while trying to dissolve one of the polymers, something strange happened. widely different properties. A pioneer in polymer research, Stephanie Kwolek accumulated several patents and awards throughout her career. How does Kevlar work? | Why is Kevlar so strong? - Explain that Stuff It seems perfectly logical that she that would end up as a textile chemist, but that wasn't Kwolek's original plan. What makes Kevlar such a good antiballistic material? One Good Fact about Kevlar | Britannica Polyamides like Kevlar are polymers (huge molecules made of many identical parts joined Corrections? In science, it is employed for suspension purposes in cryogenics and as a thermal standoff. Properties. It is used in sails for high performance racing boats. Today, most of us know it as Kevlar. That means a certain volume of Kevlar will weigh 56 times less than the same volume of steel. Kwoleks research at the DuPont Textile Lab included experimenting with long molecules called polymers in order to develop lightweight, heat-resistant fibers. unimpressive, remember that there are plasticsand there are plastics. on a scale from I to IV for its ability to protect against bullets fired from weapons of different power. It's worth noting that Kevlar also has its drawbacks. damage thingsand peoplebecause they travel at high speeds with huge again. Kevlar is also lightweight, flexible, and resistant to chemicals and flames. Kevlar is the most commonly used material as armour for protection against bullets used in hand guns because of its impact resistance, high strength and low weight. What's it like to be a woman inventor and scientist? Kevlar is five times stronger than steel on an equal weight basis and provides reliable performance and solid strength. What is Kevlar? What is this super material exactly? of the polymer from which the fibers are made and partly from the way the fibers are knitted tightly together, as shown here Bogot, Colombia. (More technically speaking, we can say the Kevlar rods are showing what's called usually stops when the heat source is removed. [7] Kevlar 149 was invented by Dr. Jacob Lahijani of Dupont in the 1980s. All rights reserved. Stephanie Kwolek nearly became a fashion designer but chose chemistry because she was "too much of a [+] perfectionist.". Photo by Staff Sgt. which have lower velocity and less kinetic energy. It's important to note that even Kevlar has its limits. Calling Kevlar a synthetic aromatic polyamide polymer makes it sound unnecessarily complex. versatile you can use it for everything from making paper to building really explaining any further. There are literally hundreds of synthetic plastics made by [2] It is also used to make modern marching drumheads that withstand high impact; and for mooring lines and other underwater applications. Picture courtesy of US Army. Higher up the scale, type IIIA armor has to resist more powerful handheld bullets Even Kwolek was surprised when a batch of dissolved polyamides produced a milky, runny liquid solution instead of the clear, syrup-thick solution she expected. (1 point) A. Kevlar is made with spider silk, a naturally strong material. They were all amazed when the test results revealed how strong, stiff, and yet lightweight the fiber was. [7]. And its chemical and flame resistant. Press CTRL + D to bookmark this page for later or tell your friends about it with: Woodford, Chris. needed. Why is Kevlar so strong? together in long chains) made by repeating amides over and over [8], Kevlar is synthesized in solution from the monomers 1,4-phenylene-diamine (para-phenylenediamine) and terephthaloyl chloride in a condensation reaction yielding hydrochloric acid as a byproduct. exposure to ultraviolet light (in sunlight, for example) causes Why is Kevlar so strong? - Studybuff.com which ranks bulletproof vests and other body protection (made of Kevlar and other materials) Kevlar is a para-aramid synthe . bulkier, and hotter it will be to wear, and the more it will restrict your movement. But instead of throwing it out as a bad batch or rejecting that molecule as a nonstarter, the chemist whose mother had once told her she was too much a perfectionist decided to give the weird, cloudy solution a try. Continue reading with a Scientific American subscription. together into one. Offering strength under heat, Kevlar protects against thermal hazards up to 800 degrees Farenheit. I thought, Theres something different about this. by Chris Woodford. it's probably best-known today for its use in things like body armor; by the time of Stephanie Kwolek about 450C (850F). Copyright 2023, Smithsonian Institution, All Rights Reserved. Photo by Paul Hudson published on Wikimedia Commons under a Creative Commons (CC BY 2.0) licence. Kevlar's amazing properties are partly due to its internal structure (how its molecules are naturally arranged in regular, parallel lines) and partly due to the way it's made into fibers that are knitted tightly together. These inter-molecular hydrogen bonds form between the carbonyl groups and NH centers. Additionally, Kevlar is utilized in the manufacturing of loudspeaker cones, musical instrument parts, and fiber optic cables. "superpolyamide", developed by DuPont in the 1930s. Let's take a closer look at how it's made and what makes Kevlar can resist attacks from many different chemicals, though long exposure to strong especially in the modern world where the challenges we face are ones Photo: Think of Kevlar as a lightweight modern alternative to heavy, cumbersome, medieval suits of armor! What about the structure makes it strong?) A side effect of the folding bead is a reduction in shelf and floor space needed to display cycle tires in a retail environment, as they are folded and placed in small boxes. acids or bases will degrade it over time. Thanks for reading Scientific American. Additional strength is derived from aromatic stacking interactions between adjacent strands. Kevlar, the accidental discovery of chemist Stephanie Kwolek, is one of the strongest and most versatile textiles, boasting a tensile strength-to-weight ratio so high it is actually five times stronger than steel. When a bullet or other high-velocity projectile hits Kevlar, the fibers essentially catch the projectile while absorbing and dissipating its energy. A new fiber, made by genetically engineered bacteria is stronger than steel and tougher than Kevlar. To download the Kevlar Technical Guide and learn more about Kevlar properties, Military, Law Enforcement & Emergency Response. [5] However, Kwolek was not very involved in developing the applications of Kevlar. Kevlar's high heat resistance allows the wicks to be reused many times. In 2013, with advancements in technology, Nike used Kevlar in shoes for the first time. Stronger Than Steel: How Chemist Stephanie Kwolek Invented Kevlar - Forbes [27], Kevlar can be used as an acoustic core on bows for string instruments. THE BENEFITS OF Kevlar. Copyright 2023, Smithsonian Institution, All Rights Reserved, exhibitions_invention-at-play-2002-kwolek-stephanie_kwo_kwolek-with-lab-team-edit.jpg, innovative-lives-kwolek-stephanie-0040-IMG0095-edit.jpg. It's a proprietary material made only by the DuPont From her mother, a seamstress, Kwolek learned her love of textiles and fiber arts. Truly incredible though these materials Los Andes University, 2007. The material of these reeds is a composite of aerospace materials designed to duplicate the way nature constructs cane reed. author = "Woodford, Chris", fibers of highly oriented (lined-up) polymer molecules are extremely hard to move apart: it takes energy to separate them. And, where Kevlar's concerned, it's not always a matter of "thicker equals better": there's another qualification too. Such solutions are called liquid crystalline, which underscores their good organization. Photo by Paul Hudson published on, Photo: Kevlar textiles get their properties partly from the inherent strength What makes Kevlar such a good anti-ballistic material is the fact that it takes an incredibly large volume of energy to enable a bullet or knife to penetrate the fibers, as they are so tightly woven together and extremely difficult to separate without a very high volume of energy being applied. As explained earlier, Kevlar inherits many of the same benefits that general Aramids do, but it becomes more rigid and durable in general due to its increased bond strength. photo shows you why: it's a piece of Kevlar after being hit by a projectile. At a young age, Kwolek considered a career in fashion, but her mother warned that she was too much of a perfectionist to be a designer. 2020 DuPont. They are more abrasion resistant than high carbon steel. [31], Kevlar is used in the woodwind reeds of Fibracell. Kevlar is widely used in various applications due to its strength, low thermal conductivity, and high-performance characteristics. It is used for motorcycle safety clothing, especially in the areas featuring padding such as the shoulders and elbows. 50 caliber rounds as well as conventional steel armor, even though it weighs less than half as much. Kwolek, whose invention has saved thousands of lives, was the daughter of two Polish immigrants. Picture by Casey H. Kyhl courtesy of US Navy and, Photo: Think of Kevlar as a lightweight modern alternative to heavy, cumbersome, medieval suits of armor! The resulting material is five times stronger than an equal weight of steel but lighter than fiberglass, and it could withstand high temperatures. First you have to produce the basic It is typically spun into ropes or fabric sheets that can be used as such, or as an ingredient in composite material components. Upper Saddle River, NJ. ammonia (NH3). Strong but light - some types have a tensile strength over eight times that of steel wire. bullets. B. reasonably good at withstanding temperatures and decomposes only at B. It was spectacularly unsuccessful, as it was completed 10 years late and replaced just 10 years later in May 1998 after a series of problems. Some of the common items that contain Kevlar include sports equipment, such as skis and tennis rackets, highly protective gloves, parachutes, and tires. "Nomex", "Kevlar", and "DuPont" are trademarks or registered trademarks of E. I. before they can turned into useful textile productsand the same is and structures, although not (because of its relatively low compressive strength) as the primary structural material. Kevlar Properties | Kevlar Techinical Guide. (i.e. as ordinary nylon fiber. A chemist testing new synthetic polymers at DuPont in the 1960s, Stephanie Kwolek discovered a substance that weighs very little but is strong and stiff beyond anyone's imagination. Picture courtesy of NASA Glenn Research Center (NASA-GRC) and Internet Archive. Omissions? At the low end of the scale, Create your free account or Sign in to continue. Bullets travel fasta rifle bullet can be going 10 times faster than a race carand they're designed to deform when they hit things so they do more damage. Kevlar is widely used as a protective outer sheath for optical fiber cable, as its strength protects the cable from damage and kinking. Kwolek's death in 2014, one million Kevlar body vests had been soldand countless lives saved. Kevlar has a unique combination of high strength, high modulus, toughness . bigger, faster bullets than smaller, slower ones. Kevlar is used in both bulletproof and stab proof vests. Kwolek's research at the DuPont Textile Lab included experimenting with long molecules called polymers in order to develop lightweight, heat-resistant fibers. some amazing materials. The amide groups are able to form hydrogen bonds between the polymer chains, holding the separate chains together like glue. The unique properties and distinct chemical composition of wholly aromatic polyamides (aramids) distinguish them - and especially Kevlar - from other commercial, man-made fibers. Five times stronger than steel, Kevlar is a synthetic fiber of the DuPont corporation that was first created in 1965 by scientists Stephanie Kwolek and Herbert Blades. discoloration and some degradation of the fibers in Kevlar. as ordinary nylon fiber. The tightly woven Kevlar's structure consists of relatively rigid molecules which tend to form mostly planar sheet-like structures rather like silk protein. Its very resistant to low temperature. protective material called Nomex. The bigger the bullet and the faster it's travelling, the more kinetic energy Civilian applications include: high heat resistance uniforms worn by firefighters, body armour worn by police officers, security, and police tactical teams such as SWAT. more versatile than that. This is a piece of woven Kevlar being used as part togetherwill give more protection. All right reserved. Best known for its use in ballistic body armor, Kevlar also has many other applications because of its high tensile strength-to-weight ratio. What is lighter and stronger than Kevlar? [32], Kevlar is sometimes used in structural components of cars, especially high-value performance cars such as the Ferrari F40. armor than if you simply want to protect police officers against handgun bullets, WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST. Kevlar is a strong fiber used for different applications such as ballistic operations, ropes and cables etc. Stephanie Kwolek, the chemist who invented Kevlar, was born on this day in 1923. It's even used in buildings However, Kevlar is vulnerable to UV degradation and is not commonly used outdoors without protection. Sometimes referred to as a Space Age material, it is the chemical structure and processing of Kevlar that makes it so strong. Several companies, including Continental AG, manufacture cycle tires with Kevlar to protect against punctures.[24]. Unlike its sister material, Nomex, Kevlar can be ignited but burning This is a BETA experience. [Accessed (Insert date here)], @misc{woodford_kevlar, Kevlar is also found in fire-dancing wicks, non-stick frying pans, ropes, cables, and cell phone backplates. Originally published on September 30, 2002. He died when Kwolek was just ten years old. If it does manage to penetrate the material, it's considerably slowed down and does far less damage. The sharp edge of the knife is then unable to penetrate through to the flesh because it is caught within the Kevlar weaving. [5], The solution was "cloudy, opalescent upon being stirred, and of low viscosity" and usually was thrown away. This unique combination of attributes ensures that members of law enforcement, corrections personnel and the military will be safe from harm that can come in many forms, including bullets, knives, switchblades and shrapnel. A few years later, her inventionKevlaris used to make bullet-resistant vests and helmets, saving thousands of lives. Solved Why is Kevlar so strong? (i.e. What about the - Chegg dozens of other applications as well. What about Kevlar makes it so strong? (1 point) - Brainly.com have no effect on Kevlar: DuPont found "no embrittlement or The cables have been used in suspension bridges such as the bridge at Aberfeldy, Scotland. Kevlar is a polyamide containing benzene rings It is very strong but flexible It is also resistant to fire and abrasion It has these properties because of its structure The monomers that make Kevlar are an aryl diamine and an aryl dicarboxylic acid or dioyl chlorideThe long linear polymer chains of Kevlar can line up next to each other in a . bridges, and other structures where compressive forces are common. So there's a tradeoff to be made between protection and usability. Pound for pound, Kevlar is five times stronger than steel. This was done to decrease the elasticity of the tip of the shoe in contrast to the nylon conventionally used, as Kevlar expanded by about 1% against nylon which expanded by about 30%. Things start to make more sense if you consider that description one word at a time: Like Nomex, Kevlar is a distant relative of nylon, the first commercially successful [42][43][44], Some cellphones (including the Motorola RAZR Family, the Motorola Droid Maxx, OnePlus 2 and Pocophone F1) have a Kevlar backplate, chosen over other materials such as carbon fiber due to its resilience and lack of interference with signal transmission. That's why you need a lot of Kevlar in effective bulletproof vests, both to allow for how it might alter the bullet and to soak up all the bullet's energy. [34] Aramids such as Kevlar release less airborne fibres than asbestos brakes and do not have the carcinogenic properties associated with asbestos.[35][36]. true of artificial fibers such as nylon, Kevlar, and Nomex. Kevlar has a tensile strength of 3620 MPa and Dyneema has 3600 MPa of tensile strength. [30], Kevlar is sometimes used as a material on marching snare drums. Textiles, Ninth Edition. Kevlar is five times stronger than steel on an equal weight basis and provides reliable performance and solid strength. What are the examples of pelagic organisms? it has, the further it will penetrate, and the more damage it will do. Think back to medieval knights with their cumbersome suits of armor: in theory, modern Kevlar gives just as much protectionbut it's light and flexible enough to wear for much longer periods. [1] Weight for weight, they are up to 15 times stronger than steel and up to 40% stronger than Kevlar (c) (DuPont). Pound for pound, Kevlar is five times stronger than steel. The chemical structure of Kevlar is comprised of several repeating inter-chain bonds. Kevlar manufacturing site in Richmond, Virginia, 1970s. In motor vehicles, it serves as a structural component and replacement for asbestos in brake pads. US National Institute of Justice Body Armor Classification, US Patent: 3287323: Process for the production of a highly orientable, crystallizable, filament, Enough for One Lifetime: Wallace Carothers, Inventor of Nylon, Girls Think of Everything: Stories of Ingenious Inventions by Women, Kevlar 'Wallpaper' Could Protect Soldiers From RPG Blasts, Stephanie L. Kwolek, Inventor of Kevlar, Is Dead at 90, Armor on the Field: The NFL's Headlong Race to Build the Unbreakable Linebacker, Kevlar Enters Spotlight As New 'Miracle Fiber', Experimental study of bullet-proofing capabilities of Kevlar, of different weights and number of layers, with 9mm projectiles, High-modulus, high-strength organic fibers, The Encyclopedia of High-tech Crime and Crime-fighting. Text copyright Chris Woodford 2008, 2023. When used in this application it is commonly known by the trademarked name Parafil. Kevlar has many applications, ranging from bicycle tires and racing sails to bulletproof vests, all due to its high tensile strength-to-weight ratio; by this measure it is five times stronger than steel. [2] In DuPont's tests, Kevlar remained "virtually unchanged" after exposure to hot To achieve both the strength and stiffness of Kevlar, the molecular chains within the organic fiber needed to be fully extended and perfectly aligned to make them strong, stiff and tough. Military, Law Enforcement & Emergency Response. All sorts of things can happen when youre open to new ideas and playing around with things.. Spider silk is said to be one of the strongest, toughest materials on the Earth. It displays slightly better wear characteristics in heavy use areas, but has more elasticity than Honeywells Spectra 1000. This is one of the primary types of marching snare drum heads. A similar fiber called Twaron with the same chemical structure was developed by Akzo in the 1970s; commercial production started in 1986, and Twaron is now manufactured by Teijin. The ubiquitous fiber that had an unlikely beginning. (2008/2023) Kevlar. Although Kevlar is stronger than steel, its about 5.5 times less dense (the density of Kevlar is about 1.44 grams per cubic centimeter, compared to steel, which is round about 7.88 grams per cubic centimeter). Kevlar, trademarked name of poly-para-phenylene terephthalamide, a nylonlike polymer first produced by Du Pont in 1971. [28] Kevlar's physical properties provide strength, flexibility, and stability for the bow's user. They are chemically the same material: Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene. Kevlar is also used in protective clothing, gloves, and sports equipment such as racing canoes, bicycle tires, and tennis racquets. Retrieved from https://www.explainthatstuff.com/kevlar.html. Kevlar is an organic fiber in the aromatic polyamide (aramid) family that combines high strength with light weight, and comfort with protection. Polybenzoxazole (PBO) is a high-performance, heat-resistant fiber with a benzene-fused oxazole ring structure. How likely is it that any American of any age could rattle off the names of five women inventors? Created by Stephanie Kwolek, DuPont Kevlar is a heat-resistant para-aramid synthetic fiber with a molecular structure of many inter-chain bonds that make Kevlar incredibly strong. 3) The wet-spinning process causes the rods to straighten out fully and align so they're all oriented in the same directionforming what's called a nematic structureand this is what gives Kevlar its exceptionally high strength. building material in things like buildings, Spectra is made by Honeywell; Dyneema is made by DSM. (19232014), who earned US Patent 3,287,323 for her invention, with Paul Morgan, in 1966. "virtually unaffected" by moisture. Zylon boasts a tensile strength that is 1.6 times stronger than Kevlar. [37], Kevlar fiber is used in rope and in cable, where the fibers are kept parallel within a polyethylene sleeve. In its chemical structure, it's very similar to another versatile As a projectile makes contact with the Kevlar . Kevlar manufacturing site in Richmond, Virginia, 1970s. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Chart: You need a greater thickness of Kevlar body armor to stop higher-speed (velocity) The result was the strongest, stiffest fiber anyone had seen so far. title = "Kevlar", Nature has given us At this stage, the molecules are still tangled up and not extended into straight, parallel chains. Kevlar 149, the strongest fiber and most crystalline in structure, is an alternative in certain parts of aircraft construction. Its the mundane stuff of plastic bags and sandwich boxes, but polyethylene has a more streetwise talent: in the form of dense, high-molecular-weight fibres it can stop a bullet in its tracks. It has many other uses too, from making boats and bowstrings to reinforcing tires and brake pads. Typical applications include monocoque bodies for Formula 1 cars, helicopter rotor blades, tennis, table tennis, badminton and squash rackets, kayaks, cricket bats, and field hockey, ice hockey and lacrosse sticks.[47][48][49][50]. Sometimes referred to as a Space Age material, it is the chemical structure and processing of Kevlar that makes it so strong. degradation" down to 196C (320F). Kevlar can be made into strong, tough, stiff, high-melting fibres, five times stronger per weight than steel; it is used in radial tires, heat- or flame-resistant fabrics, bulletproof clothing, and fibre-reinforced composite materials for aircraft panels, boat hulls, golf-club shafts, and lightweight bicycles. Amides are simply chemical compounds in which part of an It turned out to be a great team effort in the end, she said. Her supervisor and her laboratory director understood the significance of her discovery and a new field of polymer chemistry quickly arose. Its strength comes from strong intermolecular forces between adjacent chains of the Kevlar polymer. are, they're far from perfect for every application, Unlike most plastics it does not melt: it's Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Or how about skin: a material Photo by Staff Sgt. [29], Kevlar is also presently used as a material for tailcords (a.k.a. [22] It is used as an inner lining for some bicycle tires to prevent punctures. It is also found as a braid layer used on the outside of hose assemblies, to add protection against sharp objects. You might be bruised by this impact (or suffer what's called a "blunt trauma" injury), but you wouldn't die. (such as .44 Magnum bullets weighing 15.6 g or 0.6 oz and fired at 436 m/s or 975 mph); that needs twice as much Kelvarat least 30 layers. The fibers are then cut to length and woven into a tough mat to make the super-strong, super-stiff finished material we know as Kevlar. Its also five times stronger than steel, on an equal weight basis. (or a knife pushed hard by an attacker) has its energy "stolen" from it as it tries to fight its way through. giving extra strengthas though you'd glued the pencils together as well. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Kevlar Fibers - National MagLab These properties make Kevlar an ideal material to be used in bullet-proof vests as compared to other materials. When cut and tightly woven into a fabric sheet, the Kevlar is ready for field application. What about Kevlar makes it so strong? [citation needed], The ultraviolet component of sunlight degrades and decomposes Kevlar, a problem known as UV degradation, and so it is rarely used outdoors without protection against sunlight. More specifically, Kevlar contains both aromatic and amide molecular groups.
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