A biomarker is a biologic specimen that may be a marker of exposure to a substance, its metabolism, or an integration of exposure and metabolism. Agents classified as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1) [100] that have sufficient evidence of causing lung cancer in humans include numerous occupational-related exposures including arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, and diesel exhaust and specific occupations including aluminum production, coal gasification, coke production, underground hematite mining, iron and steel founding, painting, and rubber production (reviewed in [101]). 2009 Jul;114(1):121-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2009.03.039. Both the USPSTF and CMS guidelines recommend smoking cessation interventions for individuals who enter a lung cancer screening program. Most prior studies have reported cancer mortality trends across countries for specific cancer types. Although data suggest that electronic-cigarettes may less harmful alternative to conventional cigarettes, at present there are no data regarding the long-term cancer risk associated with low-level exposure to the detected carcinogens [72]. Atlanta: American Cancer Society; 2023-2024. Chan School of Public Health is its integration into the Dana Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, and allows researchers to leverage unique data resources. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). NSCLC represents more than 80 to 85% of lung cancers of which approximately 40% are adenocarcinoma, 25 to 30% are squamous cell carcinoma, and 10 to 15% are large cell carcinomas (Figure 7) [5-7].
Reid A, de Klerk NH, Ambrosini GL, Berry G, Musk AW.
Cancer Epidemiology | Journal | ScienceDirect.com by Elsevier Urban-Rural County and State Differences in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - United States, 2015, Pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and risk of lung cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies, Previous lung diseases and lung cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2021 Nov 29;113(12):1670-1682. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djab192. The lung cancer disparities among LGBTQ individuals may be attributed, in part, to higher prevalence of tobacco smoking among this population [33-35]. Additional searches were conducted on epidemiology and treatment-related biomarkers of bladder cancer to supplement the evidence. Context: Asthma and lung cancer risk: a systematic investigation by the International Lung Cancer Consortium. McKay JD, Hung RJ, Han Y, Zong X, Carreras-Torres R, Christiani DC, et al. Smoking and health: report of the Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service. TheCancer Epidemiology and Preventionprogram at the Harvard T.H. At our National Cancer Information Center trained Cancer Information Specialists can answer questions 24 hours a day, every day of the year to empower you with accurate, up-to-date information to help you make educated health decisions. 2023 May 8;13:1127086. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1127086. Authors should be familiar with these instructions prior to submitting their work to the journal. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. Additionally, regular smoking of marijuana alone is associated with adverse effects on the respiratory system similar to that of cigarette smoking [81, 82]. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Danielle Carrick, PhD, MHS
Hori M, Tanaka H, Wakai K, Sasazuki S, Katanoda K. Secondhand smoke exposure and risk of lung cancer in Japan: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. The impact of psychological distress on quality of care and access to mental health services in cancer survivors. Estimated age-standardized rates (ASR) for lung cancer mortality worldwide. History of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which includes emphysema, or chronic bronchitis, is an irreversible chronic inflammatory condition that leads to fixed narrowing of small airways and alveolar wall destruction. Would you like email updates of new search results? Association Between Initial Use of e-Cigarettes and Subsequent Cigarette Smoking Among Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (vol 171, pg 788, 2017), Graphical review: The redox dark side of e-cigarettes; exposure to oxidants and public health concerns, E-cigarettes/electronic nicotine delivery systems: a word of caution on health and new product development. An official website of the United States government. Driscoll T, Nelson DI, Steenland K, Leigh J, Concha-Barrientos M, Fingerhut M, et al. As PCa screening has become more accepted, newer approaches such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and biomarkers have been implemented to identify patients who are likely to harbor significant tumors. The report is accompanied bythe scientific paper Updated Review of Major Cancer Risk Factors and Screening Test Use in the United States, with a Focus on Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic, published inCancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers, and Prevention. The national cancer-attributed medical care costs in the United States are substantial and projected to increase dramatically by 2030, due to population changes alone, reflecting the rising burden of cancer care among cancer survivors. Lung cancer incidence among females is highest in North America, Northern Europe, Western Europe, and Australia/New Zealand and lowest in most of Africa. FOIA Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Becker N, Motsch E, Trotter A, Heussel CP, Dienemann H, Schnabel PA, et al. Wang H, Yang L, Zou L, Huang D, Guo Y, Pan M, et al. Large-scale association analysis identifies new lung cancer susceptibility loci and heterogeneity in genetic susceptibility across histological subtypes, Developing and evaluating polygenic risk prediction models for stratified disease prevention. Conclusions: Before SES is strongly associated with some lung cancer risk factors including tobacco smoking behavior, whereby uptake may be higher among those with low SES and quit attempts are less likely to be successful [20]. Cumulatively, data suggests that vapor produce from electronic-cigarettes contains potentially harmful compounds and may lead to adverse effects on human health. Careers, Unable to load your collection due to an error. Most prior studies have reported cancer mortality trends across countries for specific cancer types. To defray publication costs and to support other AACR programs, publication in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention involves the payment of a fixed publication fee and an additional fee for any color figures. There was considerable variation in costs by cancer site and stage. Soneji S, Barrington-Trimis JL, Wills TA. Economic costs of diabetes in the U.S. These instructions contain important guidelines on authorship, publishing ethics, availability of materials and data, and data analysis and reporting. Potential harms and benefits. Carbonyl compounds in electronic cigarette vapors: effects of nicotine solvent and battery output voltage. 50-year trends in smoking-related mortality in the United States. Exposure-Response Analyses of Asbestos and Lung Cancer Subtypes in a Pooled Analysis of Case-Control Studies, Asbestos, smoking, and lung cancer: interaction and attribution, Asbestos exposure, cigarette smoking and death rates. https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/lungb.html, http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/library/reports/hiv-surveillance.html, https://epi.grants.cancer.gov/cancer_risk_prediction/lung.html, http://lungcancerrisk.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com/, http://www.ncsl.org/bookstore/state-legislatures-magazine/marijuana-deep-dive.aspx, https://monographs.iarc.fr/agents-classified-by-the-iarc/, https://dceg.cancer.gov/research/cancer-types/lung/sherlock-lung-study, https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/UpdateSummaryFinal/lung-cancer-screening, https://www.cms.gov/medicare-coverage-database/details/nca-decision-memo.aspx?NCAId=274, 25% to 28% increased risk vs. never smoker, Other tobacco use (cigars, pipes, water pipes), History of COPD, emphysema, or chronic bronchitis. Leventhal AM, Strong DR, Kirkpatrick MG, Unger JB, Sussman S, Riggs NR, et al.
Medical Care Costs Associated with Cancer Survivorship in the United Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies High outofpocket spending and financial hardship at the end of life among cancer survivors and their families. PCa screening is gaining acceptance and will likely reduce PCa mortality at the cost of overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Among all risk factors, advanced age is the most significant contributor to LCANS. Although only around 15% of smokers develop lung cancer, 80 to 90% of lung cancer diagnoses are attributed to tobacco smoking in the United States [3]. The female-to-male ratio of relative risk was 0.99, 1.11, and 0.94, for light, moderate and heavy smoking, respectively. For example, the top mortality rates are in Zimbabwe (147 deaths per 100,000 . Office of the Surgeon General: The health consequences of smoking--50 years of progress : a report of the surgeon general. vermam@mail.nih.gov, Dana Wolff-Hughes, PhD
Specifically, the authors reported a pooled adjusted lung cancer relative risk of 6.99 for females and 7.33 for males and found no evidence of publication bias or differences across major pre-defined participant and study subtypes. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention publishes original, peer-reviewed research on cancer causation, mechanisms of carcinogenesis, prevention, and survivorship. In the bisexual community, men have a lower incidence of lung cancer, whereas bisexual women have higher incidence of lung cancer. Zhan P, Suo LJ, Qian Q, Shen XK, Qiu LX, Yu LK, et al. The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest. In 2007. PMC Osborne SR, Alston LV, Bolton KA, Whelan J, Reeve E, Wong Shee A, Browne J, Walker T, Versace VL, Allender S, Nichols M, Backholer K, Goodwin N, Lewis S, Dalton H, Prael G, Curtin M, Brooks R, Verdon S, Crockett J, Hodgins G, Walsh S, Lyle DM, Thompson SC, Browne LJ, Knight S, Pit SW, Jones M, Gillam MH, Leach MJ, Gonzalez-Chica DA, Muyambi K, Eshetie T, Tran K, May E, Lieschke G, Parker V, Smith A, Hayes C, Dunlop AJ, Rajappa H, White R, Oakley P, Holliday S. Med J Aust. A meta-analysis of 14 case-control studies conducted in Europe and Canada that included 17,705 lung cancer cases and 21,813 controls found ever-exposure to asbestos was associated with a 24% increased risk in men and 12% increased risk in women [96]. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were used to test for differences by AIDS status and over time. Data from 99 cohort studies representing more than 7 million individuals and over 50000 incident cases of lung cancer found no evidence for sex-specific differences for risk of smoking-related lung cancer. A 2006 report from the United States Surgeon General on The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke [52] concluded there is no safe level of exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke and stated, The evidence is sufficient to infer a causal relationship between secondhand smoke exposure and lung cancer among lifetime nonsmokers. Fortunately, smoking rates have steadily declined in the United States since the 1960s [10]. PMC The American Cancer Society is a qualified 501(c)(3) tax-exempt organization.
Rates were age-standardized to the 1966 . Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Percent of lung cancer cases at diagnosis and 5-year relative survival by stage. Propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin are the two major solvents in electronic-cigarettes and studies have shown that vapors from these solvents contain toxic and carcinogenic carbonyl compounds including formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, and acrolein [62, 67]. Pharmacoeconomics. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. In the United States, radon exposure is estimated to be the second leading cause of lung cancer and responsible for over 21,000 or 13% of lung cancer deaths each year [87, 88]. Our 24/7 cancer helpline provides support for people dealing with cancer. Socioeconomic status (SES) is a broad term for the social standing or class of an individual or group of people and is often measured based on highest attained education, income, and occupation. A pooled analysis from the International Lung Cancer Consortium and a meta-analysis reported that previous history of tuberculosis was associated with a 48% and 76% increased risk of lung cancer, respectively [105, 107]. As of early 2019, thirty states, the District of Columbia, Guam, and Puerto Rico have legalized marijuana use for medical purposes and twenty states and the District of Columbia have decriminalized the possession of small amounts of marijuana for personal use [79]. The geographical variations by country/region and between men and women are largely attributed to historical patterns in tobacco smoking and maturity of the tobacco epidemic [2]. Online ahead of print. Villanti AC, Johnson AL, Ambrose BK, Cummings KM, Stanton CA, Rose SW, et al. Lung cancer and socioeconomic status in a pooled analysis of case-control studies. Among women, incidence rates are generally lower than men with approximately over 725,000 new lung cancer diagnoses in 2018. Tuberculosis can induce chronic inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis leading to higher rates of genetic alterations and mutations which have been suggested mechanisms regarding the role of tuberculosis on lung cancer risk [121]. Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention, and cancer prevention research: two journals, a common goal Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. . The relative risk of lung cancer is estimated to be about 20-fold higher than that of a lifetime never smoker and the magnitude of lung cancer risk is related to smoking intensity (i.e., cigarettes smoked per day and number of years smoked) [40-42]. The following topics are of special interest: descriptive, analytical, and molecular epidemiology; biomarkers including assay development, validation, and application; chemoprevention and other types of prevention research in the context of descriptive and observational studies; the role of behavioral factors in cancer etiology and prevention; survivorship studies; risk factors; implementation science and cancer care delivery; and the science of cancer health disparities. Further research on epidemiology and . In the United States, lung cancer is the second most common cancer in men after prostate cancer and the second most common cancer in women after breast cancer [3, 4]. In this study, we provide contemporary population-based estimates and projections of the overall and site-specific cancer-attributable medical care costs in the United States. Data source: U.S. Cancer Statistics Working Group. Pham TMQ, Phan TH, Jasmine TX, Tran TTT, Huynh LAK, Vo TL, Nai THT, Tran TT, Truong MH, Tran NC, Nguyen VTC, Nguyen TH, Nguyen THH, Le NDK, Nguyen TD, Nguyen DS, Truong DK, Do TTT, Phan MD, Giang H, Nguyen HN, Tran LS. Even if the incidence of LCANS remains constant over time, the number of lung cancer deaths among never smokers is expected to increase significantly in the following decades as the prevalence of smoking continues to decline as the population age-structure continues to shift to older ages [144].
Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention Impact Factor IF 2023|2022 This site needs JavaScript to work properly. The AACR Journals all use a similar Editorial Process and adhere to the same overarching Editorial Policies, both of which are detailed in the Instructions for Authors. Mantovani A, Allavena P, Sica A, Balkwill F. Sogaard KK, Farkas DK, Pedersen L, Weiss NS, Thomsen RW, Sorensen HT. Data source: U.S. Cancer Statistics Working Group. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer: a case-control study in Southern Chinese and a meta-analysis. Ont Health Technol Assess Ser. Just released! 8600 Rockville Pike Costs are reported in 2019 U.S. dollars. Lung cancer mortality among males is highest in Eastern Europe, Western Asia, Northern Africa, and specific countries in Eastern Asia and lowest in most of Africa. Figure 8b shows age-adjusted incidence rates among males for lung and bronchus cancer by year of diagnosis and histology using SEER 9, 1973-2015. Asbestos and cancer: An overview of current trends in Europe. Suggested citation: American Cancer Society. In the United States, lung cancer is the second most common diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention welcomes submission of original research and review articles to the journal. 2019 May 10;9(2):26. doi: 10.3390/jpm9020026. Though tobacco smoking is the major risk factor accounting for 80 to 90% of all lung cancer diagnoses, there are numerous other risk factors that have been identified as casually associated with lung cancer etiology. A meta-analysis [76] of 13 case-control studies reported a 4.6-fold increased risk of lung cancer among those using water pipes only.
Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the Cannabis smoking and lung cancer risk: Pooled analysis in the International Lung Cancer Consortium. The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022359728). There is substantial synergistic effects [97] between asbestos exposure and tobacco smoking on lung cancer risk and morality [96, 98, 99]. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Chlamydia pneumonia (C. pneumoniae) is the most commonly occurring intracellular bacterial pathogen and is responsible for sinusitis, pharyngitis, and pneumonia [116]. Malhotra J, Borron C, Freedman ND, Abnet CC, van den Brandt PA, White E, et al. . Geographically, lung cancer mortality follows a pattern similar to incidence including the highest rates observed in the South (Figures 4a and and4b4b). Globally, approximately 25% of lung cancer diagnoses are among never smokers (LCANS) [142] and approximately 60 to 80% of women diagnosed with NSCLC are never smokers. Cancer screening with digital mammography for women at average risk for breast cancer, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for women at high risk: an evidence-based analysis. This work was funded in part by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant U01 CA200464 (M.B.S.). Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. Vapors produced by electronic cigarettes and e-juices with flavorings induce toxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response in lung epithelial cells and in mouse lung. Miech RA, Johnston L, OMalley PM, Bachman JG, Schulenberg J, Patrick ME. Analyses from the American Cancer Society [4] revealed that lung cancer incidence for non-Hispanic Black men (85.4 per 100,000) is higher than non-Hispanic White men (74.3 per 100,000) and Hispanic men (39.2 per 100,000). Prostate cancer (PCa) remains the second most common cancer among men, and screening for PCa is likely to increase in the future. and transmitted securely. Cost of care for elderly cancer patients in the United States. Careers. One year later, 20.8% of high school students and 4.9% of middle school students reported using e-cigarettes within the last month, representing increases of 78% and 48%, respectively [62].
Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics EGRP also encourages investigator-initiated grant applications on topics related to biomarkers and cancer epidemiology. The mortality rate among men is 51.6 per 100,000 and 34.4 per 100,000 for women. Before Chan School of Public Health, Academic Departments, Divisions and Centers. Conclusions: 2023 May 17:1-14. doi: 10.1007/s40273-023-01275-6. FOIA Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Material published in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention is covered and protected by copyright. Suggested citation:American Cancer Society. Wu QJ, Xie L, Zheng W, Vogtmann E, Li HL, Yang G, et al. Song MA, Benowitz NL, Berman M, Brasky TM, Cummings KM, Hatsukami DK, et al. In 2018, with an estimated 1.8 million deaths occurred (1.2 million in men and 576,100 in women), accounting for 1 in 5 cancer deaths worldwide [1, 2]. Finally, more research is needed to personalize treatment plans that minimize adverse survivorship issues and lead to improved quality of life for lung cancer survivors. Patients with lung cancer: Are electronic cigarettes harmful or useful? Increasing use of MRI and biomarkers for the detection of PCa may mitigate some of the negative consequences of screening. [152, 153]. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help The publisher's final edited version of this article is available at, Lung cancer, epidemiology, statistics, disparities, risk factors, prevention early detection, lung cancer screening, epidemiology of lung cancer. By restricting the analyses to cohort studies, the goal was to minimize bias often present in case-control studies. As the association between smoked cannabis and lung cancer is still undefined and marijuana use is prevalent, more research will be required in the future to characterize the association between smoked cannabis and risk of lung cancer and for other diseases. Obes Res. A major lung cancer susceptibility locus maps to chromosome 6q23-25. The .gov means its official. Despite substantial improvements in survival in recent years for most other cancer types in the United States, there have only been small improvements in 5-year survival among patients diagnosed with lung cancer (Figure 5). This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Improved diagnostic techniques can help reduce the number of men who need to be diagnosed and treated to save one life. We combined phase-specific attributable costs with prevalence projections to estimate national costs from 2015 through 2030. Some of the topics we can assist with include: For medical questions, we encourage you to review our information with your doctor. Age-adjusted lung cancer mortality rates in the United States. Cancer risk in HIV-infected people in the USA from 1996 to 2012: a population-based, registry-linkage study. Albin M, Magnani C, Krstev S, Rapiti E, Shefer I. Disclaimer. Waziry R, Jawad M, Ballout RA, Al Akel M, Akl EA. Yang JJ, Yu D, Takata Y, Smith-Warner SA, Blot W, White E, et al. Driver genes in non-small cell lung cancer: Characteristics, detection methods, and targeted therapies. Jamal A, Phillips E, Gentzke AS, Homa DM, Babb SD, King BA, et al. Chapter 6: Lung cancer in never smokers: epidemiology and risk prediction models. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Results: Pneumococcal disease is an umbrella term for a group of syndromes caused by a variety of organisms resulting in varied manifestations and sequelae [111, 112]. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. Croft JB, Wheaton AG, Liu Y, Xu F, Lu H, Matthews KA, et al. However, it should be noted that studies to date have been limited by sample size, self-report, and confounding (e.g., many marijuana users also report tobacco use).
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